Bacteriophage infections are one of the key challenges in the use of various bacteria in industries. CRISPR-Cas systems are part of the bacterial immune system against viral infections and determining the characteristics of these systems can be beneficial for the formulation and use of these bacteria. To investigate the CRISPR/Cas system in the Leuconostoc genus, the complete genome sequences of 18 reported species of this genus were explored and their CRISPR/Cas system information was analyzed using homology-based algorithms. Then, the characteristics of the conformational structure and stability of recognized systems were determined based on MFE values, phage recognition sites were identified using BLAST approaches, and the evolutionary relationships of these systems were analyzed based on amino acid sequence of associated proteins. Based on the obtained results, 9 of 18 reported species for this genus contain whole CRISPR/Cas system. CRISPR/Cas type analysis confirmed that except for one case, all strains contained the type II-A system. In these systems, the number of repeats and average length of spacers varied from 4 to 101 and 28 to 30 nucleotides, respectively.  Nine types of PAM sequences were identified at the 3´ and 5´ ends of these systems. Based on relationship analysis, the studied system was divided into two main groups. Subtype II-A appears to be the most active system against foreign DNA and phages in the Leuconostoc genus.

The electronic and structural properties of CaS are calculated using full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation energy. For both structures, NaCl structure (BI) and CsCl structure (B2), the obtained values for lattice parameters, Bulk modulus and its pressure derivative and transition pressure are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. For electronic properties, the obtained value for band gap is smaller than the experimental value as well as other calculated results based on density functional theory. Engel and Vosko calculated an exchange potential for some atoms within the so-called optimize-potential model and then used the virial relation and constructed a new exchange-correlation functional (EV-GGA). We used that functional and obtained reasonable results for band gap. Finally we investigated the possibility for a third phase (Zinc Blend structure) for this crystal.

The progress of the aquaculture industry is facing many challenges, including the spread of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, reduced survival, reduced fertility, slow growth, escape of farmed fish to natural ecosystems, and environmental pollution. Today, the use of CRISPR-Cas technique is considered as a potential solution to solve these challenges through genome editing. In the CRISPR system, the nuclease 9 or Cas9 enzyme is a powerful and efficient tool for molecular editing of DNA to reveal desired traits in the host. In this context, several studies have been conducted on different aquatic species to investigate desirable traits related to aquaculture, including suppressing the myostatin gene (increasing somatic growth of the body), biosynthesis of fatty acids, stimulation of body pigmentation, and production of fish with less intermuscular bones. In terms of reproduction traits, this technology has been used for the genetic engineering of sex cells and sex reversal. In the field of aquatic health, this genome-based breeding system has successfully produced fish resistant to infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, on a laboratory scale. Also, editing genes related to antimicrobial peptides by CRISPR-Cas9 can improve the innate immune system and increases the resistance of fish against infectious diseases. In general, using the CRISPR-Cas system is an effective approach to manipulate target genes and improve economic traits in different aquatic species in line with genetic modification programs. This review study provides a comprehensive view of CRISPR-Cas technology and its potential in genome editing to target genes associated with economically valuable traits in fish to overcome some limitations and challenges of promoting sustainable aquaculture.

Plant diseases caused by viruses are a serious threat to the world's agricultural production, and antivirus engineering, initiated by molecular biotechnology, is an effective strategy for preventing and controlling plant-borne viruses. Recent advances in targeted DNA or RNA editing with a short palindromic replication system or CRISPR-related are attractive tools that can be used to protect plants. In this review, the development of CRISPR/Cas systems is surved and their programs in controlling various plant viruses by targeting viral sequences or susceptibility genes in the host are mentioned. In addition, it introduces some potentially recessive resistance genes that can be used to improve plants against viruses, and emphasizes the importance of recessive gene-based antiviral modification for producing plants free of virus and growth deficiency. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of using CRISPR/Cas techniques in the prevention and control of plant viruses are discussed.

Bismuth doped calcium sulfide phosphor was prepared from a solid-state reaction between a calcium salt and sulfur at presence of flux.The product was analyzed by x-ray diffraction, ICP and luminance spectrophotometry, (LS) techniques.Excitation spectra of the CaS: Bi shows three bands at 260 nm corresponds to the band gap of CaS, 320nm corresponds to IS0→1P1 transition of Be3+ and 420 nm corresponds to IS0→3P1 transition of Be+3.Emission spectra of the caS: Bi shows two bands at 450 nm (intense) from 3P1→1S0 transition of Be3+ and 580 nm (weak) that is from recombination of electron donors Bi3+Ca2+/Vs2- with Na+ Ca2+ acceptors.Also, decay curve of the CaS: Bi indicates that the material has long afterglow phosphorescence.

In this paper, based on CAS wavelets we present quadrature rules for numerical solution of double and triple integrals with variable limits of integration. To construct new method, first, we approximate the unknown function by CAS wavelets. Then by using suitable collocation points, we obtain the CAS wavelet coefficients that these coefficients are applied in approximating the unknown function. The major advantage of new approach is that this method can approximate the value of some improper integrals. To illustrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the method, some numerical examples are given.

Doping is the most important issues in national and international sports events which are contrary to the values of Olympic Movement and spirit of sport. IOC activities in fighting against doping led to establish World AntiDoping Agency (2003) and all national and international sport organizations obliged to follow the WADA code (2005). EUNESCO convention was signed by 139 countries and become enforceable. Nevertheless, more doping cases arose. Specially the Russian doping scandal before Rio Olympic Game (2016). IOC decided to establish new CAS Division (Anti-Doping Division). CAS-ADD started working in Rio Olympic Games. CAS-ADD works under Swiss Law and accept doping-related matters, appoint a panel (independent and qualified), rule on WADA code and general principles of law (due process and procedure law), decision making within 24 hours-if necessary after the game, jurisdiction over subsequent retesting of samples during games. CAS demonstrated independence and capability in Rio games.